Improvement in steam-generating apparatus



4 Sheets-Sheet l.

W. P. BROWNE. Steam-Generating Apparatus. No. 210,494. Patented Dec.3,1878.

N. PEFERS. PHOTO-LITHOGRAPNER, WASHINGTON. D. 0.

4 Sheets-Sheet, 2..

W. F. BRO WNE. Steam-Generating Apparatus.

No. 210,494. Patented Dec. 3, 1?]8.

INVEWIOR N- PETERS. PflOTD-DTHDGRAHIER, WASNINRTON. D C.

V 4 Sheets-Sheet.- 3. W. P. .BROWNE. Steam-Generating Apparatus. No.210,494. Patented Dec. 3, 1878.

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W- BROWNE. Steam-Generating Apparatus. No. 2 10,494. Patented Dec.3,1878.

\VILLIAM FRANK BROWNE, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO HYDRO- GARBONSTEAM GENERATING COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT lN STEAM- GENERATING APPARATUS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 210,494, dated December3, 1878 application filed October 8, 1878.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, WM. FRANK BROWNE,

of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented anew anduseful Stean1-Generatin g Apparatus; and I do hereby declare thefollowing to be afull, clear, and exact description thereof, referencebeing had to the accompanying drawings, making apart of the followingspecification. The object of my invention is to make a steam-generatorwhich shall produce practically a greater amount of steam from a lessamount of fuel and weight of metal than has been accomplishedheretofore.

The nature of said invention, and its points of difference with otherboilers of this class, are as follows: In boilers of this class a greatnumber of lineal feet of pipe are required in order to obtain asufficient amount of heatin gsurface; and generally this pipe has heretofore been made, by welding and by couplings or other suitable fittings,into one continuous length. The water is forced into one end, top orbottom, and steam taken out at its other end; consequently a greatamount of friction is encountered by the water and steam before it isdischarged into the dome or motor.

One serious defect in this class of boilers is this, that the coils nearthe fire rapidly burn away, after which the coil becomes useless; and inmany instances the entire coil is thrown away for the want of properfacilities for repairing the same, and when those facili ties areobtained the cost of taking the structure apart and repairing thedefects and replacing the same are enormous when compared with theoriginal cost of said boilers, although the original value of the coilswhich have become defective is not great. The point above raised isconsidered to be a great objection to this class of boilers.

Another objectionable feature is that they cannot be cleaned of soot,ashes, &c. ,nor can wood or bituminous coal be burned beneath thesecoils to an economical advantage, by reason of the coils becomingclogged with unconsumed carbon, &c.; and, also, a variable steampressurecannot be avoided, even with a uniform degree of heat.

My aim has been to overcome all of the above-remunerated defects, aswill be seen in the present case, and also by refcrrin g to aformer one,patented October 8, 1878, No. 208,790. In the first place, instead ofputtin gall of my pipe into one continuous length, I divide the amountnecessary for my boiler and generator into several parts, said partsdepending upon the size or power I wish to obtain. Each one of theseparts is bent into a separate and distinct coil.

In this invention I have adopted the hori zontal coil, and when saidcoils are placed in position each one of them becomes an independentgenerator; and, by a proper construction of the coil-chamber and theconnections connecting the coils with the water andsteam stand-pipes,said coils become detachable and attachable, as circumstances require,and as described in the following specification. Now. it will be seenthat when one of these coils is burned out or becomes defective from anycause, said coil can be removed without taking the structure apart ordisturbing any of the remaining coils; and, furthermore, if thegenerator is in active operation and a coil should become defective,either on a boat or in a workshop, said coil can be removed and replacedby another one without drawing the fires or even stopping the en gine;consequently there will be no loss of time accruing from burstedboilers.

The liability of burning the bottom coils in the two classes of coilsare about the same with an equal amount of fire. Although if adifference does exist it should be in favor of the horizontal coil, forthe reason that water is discharged into each coil at its center andwhere the heat is greatest; consequently, as the water will pass aroundseveral of the interior turns before its evolution into steam, saidwater must have a tendency to preserve the coil near its center by theresistance it offers to the great heat at that point. Therefore the costof replacing a duplicate coilis tritlin g when compared with othercoiled-pipe boilers.

The side of the coil-chamber being provided with doors, and the coilsbeing at a proper distance apart, it becomes an easy matter to clean thesame by opening said doors and inserting a brush of suitable materialbetween said coils, and bringing the soot and ashes therefrom. Inconsequence of this feature of my invention, wood, bituminous coal, orother highly-carbonized fuel can be used.

One important feature of my invention is my process of introducing thewater and evolving said water into steam. I employ coils for thereception of cold water, situated at the greatest distance from thefire, or at a point where the heat is at its lowest degree prior to itsescape through the uptake. N ow, the water is forced through asufficient number of these coils, which are so situated that the waterwill pass in a downward direction from one to the other, and in anincreasing temperature, until said water is raised to the boilingpoint,or, being under pressure, to a higher degree, after which the hot wateris forced into a stand-pipe or its equivalent, where it becomes dividedinto a number of streams equal to the number of generators, said streamsor divisions being controlled by valves, which regulate the requisiteamount of water for each coil. Said water is now forced into saidgenerators, which are in the hottest part of the coil combustionchamber.Here, in consequence of the water being heated before being forced intothe several generators, a rapid conversion into steam is the practicalresult obtained from introducing the water on an increasing temperatureand also, by the aforesaid means, a saving of fuel is gained. Anotherimportant feature of my invention, in the peculiar construction of thejacket, as may be seen, is to convey the heat which is radiated throughthe wall of the coil-chamber and furnace in a current of air, said airbeing introduced at the top of the coil-chamber into a space formedbetween an inner and an outer jacket, and carried downward anddischarged beneath the grate, for the purpose of supporting combustion.

Figure 1 represents an external view of a steam-generating apparatus. Ii 2 is a verti .al section of the view shown in Fi 1, and with a tripleengine attached thereto. Fig. 3 is an. external view of asteam-generator. Figs. 4 and 5 are detailed views. Fig. 6 is a sectionalview of a sectional generator, showing a water-jacket, which surroundsthe fire box and coil-chamber.

Similar letters refer to corresponding parts in all of the figures.

In Fig. 1, A represents the casing surrounding the furnace and ash-pit.The top and bottom of this casing are provided with a suitable flangeand base. The base should be provided with legs when the generator is tobe set on a wooden floor. K and K are doors leading to the furnace andash-pit.

B represents a removable section of the coil-chamber. This section isprovided with flanges k and J and I are doors for the pmpose ofinspecting the coils, and for cleaning them when covered with soot andashes. Said cleaning can be done while the fuel is burning.

One or more doors can be employed, and upon one or both sides'of thecoil-chamber,

which may be necessary when coils of great character are used.

S and S are standards, with recesses a n therein and flanges thereto.Said flanges are secured. to casing B, while the recesses receive andsupport the ends of the coils o and it upon opposite sides of thecoil-chamber. This coilchamber is divided into two or more sections. ascircumstances require. The flanges S S are held together by bolts h h.

a a and m m are right and left couplings, connecting the ends of thecoils with nipples a a and 0 0, said nipples being connected to theirrespective stand-pipes Y and H, whereby a communication is formed withsaid pipes Y and H.

g is one end of water-coil s, and is connected to a water-space aroundthe firebox and ashpit, or directly to an injector, while the other endof said coil, 9, upon the opposite side of the chamber, terminates instand-pipe Y, from thence to each of the coils, where it becomesconverted to steam on. its passage through said coils to the steam-standH.

G is an enlargement of the stand-pipe H, and da drip-pipe thereto, whichcommunicates with trap d. c is a nipple, projecting from stand H andinto pipe (I. The pipes ff are connected to stand H at c and c, andcommunicate with trap d. h is a waste-pipe leading from the trap. h is ablow-off pipe, attached to the bottom of the stand II. I) are right andleft couplings, connecting the ends of the internal pipes I) with thenipple e and stand-pipe This connection is for the purpose of blowingoff the internal pipes within the coils a.

l is a flanged ring, with its flange j resting upon flangcj. I) is achamber containing a steam-drum, and rests upon ring (1, while E is acover to said chamber, with stack F secured thereto. N, R, and L arenipples connected to cross M, for conducting steam from stand II to adrum or motor. \Vhen steam is conducted to the drum it is supplied tothe motors by pipes I and Q.

In Fig. 2, A represents the furnace and ashpit; K K K, doors leadingthereto, and z water-space around said furnace and ash-pit. 1)represents a sectional view of a tubular drum. a a represent a sectionalview of a series of steam-generating coils, located within a chamber anddirectly over the grate-surface O. Said chamber, which contains thecoils, is also a combustion-chamber. The ends of the coils are shown tobe resting in the recesses formed in the standards. 17 o are fittingsturned onto pipes to a and interior pipe 1' r, the interior pipe notpassing through the fitting, but leaving threads enough to form aconnection with pipe r, said pipe being connected to stand Y by means ofcoupling m and nipple 0. Said pipes conduct water from stand Y tointerior pipe r within coil a. The opposite sides of the coils a areconnected with stand H by means of the couplings and nipples to a and a.a a are couplings, connecting the internal pipe r with the nipples 8,said nipples being connected to the blow-off stand-pipe m. The purposeof the nipples s is to disconnect from the internal pipe 1", in case'aremoval of one of the coils a should become necessary. (1 represents thetrap, for conducting water from the overflow at a to a cistern or otherplace. The stand H is to be kept full of water to the overflow-point, asindicated by horizontal parallel lines. By turning valve 3 the waterwill rise in stand H until it reaches the overflow e, as indicated byvertical waterlines. The overflow-point being above the lower coil, saidcoil will be filled with water and protected from the heat. Should it benecessary to flood other coils, the overflow-- point can be placed atany of the series of coils a a, and operate as shown in the draw- 111g.

W represents a triple group of steam-cylin ders, secured to the steamstand-pipe H. Said cylinders are provided with suitable pistons,.cross-heads, and connecting-rods. Said con-' necting-rods are connectedto a triple crank-.

shaft, and communicate motion thereto. This motor receives its steamfrom either the stand When received directly from H or drum D. stand H,valve '5 should be closed and valve 9 should be opened, thus allowingsteam to pass through pipe L to the steam-chest. VVhen' the motorreceives its steam from the drum, valve 9 should be closed, while valves8 and- 5 should be opened, whereby the steam isv coils too closely, forfreedom for expansion andcontraction should be allowed.

, The coils used in this improved steam-generator are coiled inhorizontal planes. The pipe which the coils are made of should betapering from center to circumference, although pipe of an even gagecanbe used. Said coils are made by commencing at the center and windingeach. successive turn about the preceding one untilthe required,diameter is reached, care being observed that the requi. site space ismaintained betweeneach'turn. Therefore it will be seen that eachturn,ifrom circumference to center, decreases according to the diameterof the pipe and the space be. tween said pipe,'while with vertical coils.the diameter of the turns is constant. Thus an advantage is gained byusing the horizontal coil over the vertical, by reason of the directheat impinging upon a greater surface than can be done where the coils;are in the same vertical plane.

In Fig. 3, A represents the base of the boiler; K and K, doors leadingthereto. A is an outer case or covering to an inner casing to thecoil-chamber. Between the two walls there is an intervening space. Atthe top edge of casin g A aseries of apertures, q, are formed for thepurpose of admitting a draft of air into the space formed by the twowalls. Said air is drawn downward by the force of the natural draft, orby a jet of steam in the stack, or by applying the exhaust side of ablower to pipe I, and its discharge into another pipe leading into theash-pit, whereby the cool air is drawn through theaperture q, andbecomes heated in its downward passage prior to its coming in contactwith the fuel.

By this means of introducing the air an important advantage is obtained,especially where the generators are to be used in comparatively closerooms.

I do not limit myself as regards thelocation of said apertures, for theymay be made with in the drum-chamber D, thus causing the air to be drawndownward from that point; and, also, if it is not expedient to supplythe furnace with air from this source, and at the same time the heatshould be too great within the the room, a series of apertures can bemade at the bottom of the ash-pit, whereby the air can enter and passupward, and discharge the heated air into the stack above the drum, orto any other desirable place.

j are lugs projecting from the supportingstandards uponopposite sides ofthe boiler, and to which the outer and inner casings are secured. Byremoving the bolts within said lugs, and loosening the bolts in theupper and lower flanges, j k, one-half of the coil-chamber can beremoved and replaced, as circunt stances require. The valves to are fordeter mining and controlling the feed-water, said water being forcedintostand Y, whereitseparates and is forced in requisite quantities throughthe valves into the coils within the coil-chamber. z represents a glassgage, for the purpose of ascertaining the height of the water in standY. By this means we can determine whether all of the coils are beingsupplied with water.

I do not limit myself to the glass gage as a means for determining thatpoint, as other equivalent means can be adopted-as, for instance, whenall of the ends of the coils termi nate within one horizontal pipe on aline with or above the uppermost generating-coil, each coil will receiveits share of water without the use of the valves. d are plug cocks orvalves, for the purpose of closing off the steam in case a coil shouldget damaged from any cause.

' By closing said cock and a corresponding feedwater-valve, thegenerator can be kept at work the same as if no-accident had happenedbut with the loss of the generative power of the damaged coil, whereeight or ten of said coils are within. one chamber, the loss will not bea serious obstacle. If a duplicate coil is at hand, the side of thecoil-chamber spoken of above can be removed and the defective coil takenout and the new-oneput in, after which replace the side of thecoil-chamber, open the plug cock and valve, and the work of generatingsteam commences at once.

Another important feature of this generator is as follows: Vhenever aless power is required than the full capacity of the boiler will give,it is only necessary to close one, two, or more of the upper valves, w",which prevents the water from entering the corresponding coils, therebyred ucin g the power in a degree corresponding to the number of valvesclosed. The plug-cocks should remain open, so as to allow steam to entersaid coils, which will now serve as a stean'i-drum for the coils whichare generating the steam. The principle involved in the sectional coiledgenerator, as above set forth, can be applied to sectional boilers ofvarious sizes and designs, which can be constructed so as to out 01fsteam and water from a defective section without impairing the use ofthe remaining sections and also one, two, or more of its sections can beused where less power is required.

In Fig. 4, B represents the casing which forms the coil-chamber. S is asectional standard, riveted to casin g I and held together by bolts 11.The ends of the coils project through these standards, as shown in Fig.5, in which B represents the casing to the coil-chamber; 7. a flange atthe lower edge of said chamber. This flan ge is fluted, as shown at i.To the projections of this fluting an outer case is secured by screws orrivets, thus forming a space around casin g B, said space and fluting ordraft-holes being for the purpose of heating the air by the radiatedheat which is conducted through the inner casin g, B, and allowin saidheated air to pass beneath the grate for the purpose of supportingcombustion.

Fig.6 represents a vertical section of the generator. The ash-pit,furnace, and coil-chamber are all included within the same casing, whichis provided with a water-compartment, Z Z. Aperturcs are made withinsaid casing for the purpose of receiving nipples, which connect withfittings c and a, said fittings being turned onto the ends of the coilsbefore their admission into the chamber. After said admission thenipples 0 and (t are inserted through the apertures and turned into thecouplings v and fittings a. The two upper steam-coils raise their waterfrom internal pipe 1", which is connected to water-stand Y, while thelower coil receives its water from internal pipe 1'. The steam generatedin these coils is discharged from both ends of the pipe forming the coilinto the two steanrstands Y and H, and is conducted to the drum D bypipes L and L. Z Z is a bar, extending across the base of thedrum-chamber, and deflects downward along the inclined surface of thecover or dome U, to which it is riveted or otherwise secured; and also,another bar, at right angles, or nearly so, should be secured, for thepurpose of sustaining said drum 1), there being a space between saiddrum and case D for a free passage of the products of combustion. t is adeflector, for equalizing the heat within the coil-chamber. n and m aresupports for the coils.

In Figs. 2 and 6 a combined water and air jacket is shown. By this meansthe radiated heat is nearly all utilized by being returned to thecombustion-011amber,when, with a suflicient amount of generator-coilstherein, said heat becomes absorbed and passes off in steam.

hat I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a steam-generator, a series of separate and independent coilslocated on horizontal planes, or nearly so, one above another, each ofsaid coils receiving water at or near its center, and discharging saidwater or steam, or both, from the other end of said pipe, from whichsaid coil is made, as set forth.

2. The combination, in acoil steam-generator, of the upper coil orcoils, arranged and connected so that the water is first introduced inthe uppermost coils, thence to the stand pipes, and in turn to thesteam-generating coils at or near their center, substantially as described.

3. In a horizontal-coil steam-generator, the process, as hereindescribed, of first introducin g water through the uppermost coil,thence to the stand-pipe, whereby water-,is supplied to each coilseparately or simultaneously, and then discharging the steam generatedtherein into the steam-reservoir from the end of said coils,substantially as described and set forth.

4. In a horizontal-coil steam-generator, the surrounding water jaeket,in combination with a surrounding or annular air-jacket, whereby the airis heated and radiation of heat prevented, said air-jacket beingprovided with apertures for the introduction of pipes, and alsoair-inlets for supplying air to the furnace, constructed and arranged tooperate substantially as shown and described.

5. In a horizontal-coil steam-generator, the coils of which are arrangedto allow the heat to pass freely through the interstices between thecoils, in combination with a perforated deflector, whereby the heat isevenly dilfused, and sutficiently retarded to allow the said coils toabsorb the heat, as set forth and described.

6. The combination, in a steam-generator, of the steam-dome, suspendedwithin the up take, and the steam reservoir, whereby by suitableconnections dry steam from the reservoir and superheated steam from thedome may be commingled and supplied to the engine, or either of them, asset forth and described.

7. In a coil steam-generator the coils of which are arranged onhorizontal planes, or nearly so, the pipes increasing in diameter fromthe center, and resting in recesses in the standard S, and held inposition within the combustion-chainber by straps on the same plane asthe coils, whereby said coils are free to expand or contract Withouthindrance, as set forth and described.

8. In combination with a coil-steam-genera- 'tor, the trap 01, pipe f,one or more,'branch pipes f, and their connections, Whereby'one or moreof the series of steam-generating coils may be flooded, as herein setforth and described.

9. A coil steam-generator made up of and arranged in horizontalsections, in combina tion with a surrounding jacket constructed ofvertical sections, whereby. the generatingsection may be removed andreplaced Without interrupting the action of the remaining sections Whilein use, substantially as described.

10. The combination, in acoil steam-generator, of the removablecoil-sections, their independent connections m and a, the sectionaljacket B, and the stand-pipes Y and H, as shown and described.

11. The combination, in a coil steam-generator made up of removablesections horizontally located, and the vertical sectional jacketprovided with doors for the inspection and cleaning of saidcoil-sections, the section of the jacket being provided withindentations to receive the coils and the flanges for unitingthesections of the jacket together, in the manner and for the purpose setforth and described.

WM. FRANK BROWNE.

WVitnesses It. D. 0. SMI H, AUGS. JORDAN.

